谁能告诉我“鸥盟约”的典故吗,尽量详细点的,不胜感激!!!!!1
推荐回答(1个)
列子寓言《好鸥鸟者》出自《列子·黄帝篇》,原文如下:“海上之人有好鸥鸟者,每旦之海上,从鸥鸟游,鸥鸟之至者百住而不止。其父曰:‘吾闻鸥鸟皆从汝游,汝取来,吾玩之。’明日之海上,鸥鸟舞而不上也。”
这篇寓言收入了拙著《中华寓言精粹》(社会科学文献出版社1995年11月第1版13-15页),今译如下:
海边有个喜爱海鸥的人,每天早晨到海上去,和海鸥一起游玩。海鸥来到他身边的,数以百计,接连不断。
一天,他的父亲对他说:“我听说海鸥都喜欢和你在一起游玩,你抓几只海鸥给我,让我也玩玩吧!”第二天,他再到海上去,海鸥只在天空中盘旋飞舞,再也不落下来了。
列子寓言中的这个爱好海鸥的人,和海鸥交上了朋友。他毫无机心和私心,每天和海鸥们在一起玩,海鸥飞到他身边来的,接连不断,数以百计。他很高兴,海鸥们也很高兴。这是因为他真心喜爱海鸥,海鸥也和他建立了互相信赖的感情的缘故。
但是,他和海鸥的这种友情并没有牢固的思想基础,经受不起考验。当他的父亲知道了这件事,要他抓海鸥来玩玩的时候,他同意了。这就破坏了他和海鸥之间已经建立起来的互相依赖的友谊和感情。他的不利于海鸥的机心一动,在他再同海鸥接近的时候,就不可避免地会流露出来,海鸥也就随着提高了警惕,再见到他时,只在天空中盘旋飞舞,再也不飞落到这个人的身边了。
这个人和海鸥的交往分两个阶段。前一阶段,他真心喜爱海鸥,和海鸥一起游玩,彼此之间互相依赖,没有私心,没有猜疑,是值得称道的;而后一阶段,由于他父亲的煽动,他起了抓海鸥给父亲玩玩的机心和私心。破坏了他和海鸥之间的友谊,则是可憎恨的,应该受到指责。
这篇寓言,以人与海鸥的交游比喻人与人之间的交往。朋友之间的交往要以诚相待,决不可做伤害对方的事,才能建立真诚的友谊,如果心中有鬼,甚至暗中打算做伤害对方的事,无论怎样掩饰,怎样隐蔽,总不免要露出马脚。当一个居心不良的所谓“朋友”的险恶用心被人察觉和发现时,就谁也不愿和他接近了。俗话说:“害人之心不可有,防人之心不可无。”在日常生活中,我们要时刻提防那种口蜜腹剑的所谓“朋友”。
这篇寓言在流传过程中,根据故事的前半部分,形成了“鸥盟”、“鸥鸟忘机”等语词和成语。“鸥盟”意思是与鸥鸟结盟、与鸥鸟为友,比喻隐者与世无争的生活。“鸥鸟忘机”,指像故事中的海鸥那样,完全忘掉机心,也用以比喻隐居生活,不以世事为怀,这就对原来寓言故事的寓意有所引申了,如南宋词人辛弃疾《水调歌头·和王正之右司吴江观雪见寄》:“谪仙人,鸥鸟伴,两忘机。”根据故事的后半部分,形成了“鸥鸟不下”这一成语,用鸥鸟不肯飞下来,比喻察觉别人将加害于自己,注意防范,如《三国志·魏书·高柔伟》裴松之注引孙盛语,“机心内萌,则鸥鸟不下,况信不足焉而祈物之必附,猜生于我而望彼之必怀,何异挟冰求温,抱炭希凉者哉。”孙盛语“机心内萌,则鸥鸟不下”九字,就是这篇寓言的后一部分高度精炼、准确的概括
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