古诗词中小令的字数范围是多少?

2025-02-28 19:16:01
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

古诗词中小令的字数范围是:

  1. 小令58字以内,中调59一90字以内,长调91字以上,最长的词达240字。

  2. 词是配“燕乐”的,在“燕乐”中,“令”是“曲破”中的节奏明快的一截,如果尤为明快精炼,就是“小令”了。词牌明言是“令”的有《三字令》、《调笑令》、《十六字令》、《采莲令》、《留春令》、《如梦令》、《唐多令》、《解佩令》、《百字令》等。

“小令”种类有:

1.寻常小令:指单阕之曲,为曲中至简者,与诗一首、词一阕相当。如黄钟节节高、贺圣朝。

2.摘调小令:指从套曲中摘出之曲调,有如词中之摘遍,所摘之调必是套中精粹者。如中原音韵作词十法所附定格四十首中之「雁儿落带得胜令」,题下注一「摘」字即是。

3.带过曲:即作者填一调毕,意犹未尽,再续拈一他调或二他调,而其间音律又适能衔接。北带北如正官脱布衫带小梁州,南吕骂玉郎带感皇恩、采茶歌,南带南如双调朝元歌带朝元令,南北兼带如南中吕红绣鞋带北红绣鞋。

4.集曲:即集合数调之美声而腔板可以衔接者次为一新曲,此南曲为盛。如仙吕九回肠乃集解三酲首至七、三学士首至合、急三枪四至末而成。另一种集曲乃以一曲保留百尾而犯以他调,此亦南曲为盛,如仙吕二犯桂枝香乃合桂枝香首至四、四季花四至合、皂罗袍五至八、桂枝香九至末而成。

回答2:

小令通常以五十八字以内的短词为小令

小令是词调体式之一,指篇幅短小的词。小令通常以五十八字以内的短词为小令,如《十六字令》、《如梦令》等,但词中称“令”的,并非都是小令,如《百字令》即有百字之多。

小令或单片,或双片,或多片。多片的如《九张机》,较为少见。因为单曲反复地唱,显然自暴其短,有失水准,再多几遍都要成《十八摸》了。词人必先工诗,陈廷焯云:“诗词一理,然不工词者可以工诗,不工诗者,断不能工词也。”又说:“为词之始,必由诗以入门”。因此,要填词,首先要学习作律诗。有了律诗修养,就不易把词的篇幅放得过长,单片嫌少,则扩为双片,而且音乐上也有雌雄问答的讲究,因此,双阕最符合词人的性格和音乐的特征。

小令有齐句,有长短句。《尊前集》里长短句只占二分之一,到《花间集》里已占到了五分之四,说明在唐代,《竹枝》、《浪淘沙》这样跟五言绝句相类的小令是很多的,但随着词本身的发展,长短句物竞天择地独领风骚了,以至于后来便把词称为“长短句”了。

小令的自由度。宋人依声作词,宋以后就未必,因此唐宋词常有词牌固定而字句不同的情况,那是因为音乐之下,歌词可以有所增减的缘故。宋人中,苏轼对音乐的造诣较为浅,偏偏他的词好,因此,很多字句的争议较大。柳永、周邦彦和姜夔对音乐的造诣较为深,因此,他们经常自称自己的作品为:“乐章”、“歌曲”等。[1] 

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