推荐回答(2个)
行路难
其一
金樽清酒斗十千,玉盘珍羞直万钱。
停杯投箸不能食,拔剑四顾心茫然。
欲渡黄河冰塞川,将登太行雪满山。
闲来垂钓碧溪上,忽复乘舟梦日边。
行路难,行路难,多歧路,今安在?
长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。
其二
大道如青天,我独不得出。
羞逐长安社中儿,赤鸡白狗赌梨栗。
弹剑作歌奏苦声,曳裾(yèjū)王门不称情。
淮阴市井笑韩信,汉朝公卿忌贾生。
君不见昔时燕家重郭隗(wěi),拥篲折节无嫌猜。
剧辛乐毅感恩分,输肝剖胆效英才。
昭王白骨萦(yíng)蔓草,谁人更扫黄金台?
行路难,归去来![1]
其三
有耳莫洗颍(yǐng)川水,有口莫食首阳蕨(jué)。
含光混世贵无名,何用孤高比云月?
吾观自古贤达人,功成不退皆殒(yǔn)身。
子胥(xū)既弃吴江上,屈原终投湘水滨。
陆机雄才岂自保?李斯税(tuō)驾苦不早。
华亭鹤唳讵可闻?上蔡苍鹰何足道?
君不见吴中张翰称达生,秋风忽忆江东行。
且乐生前一杯酒,何须身后千载名?[1]
闲来垂钓碧溪上,忽复乘舟梦日边:这两句暗用典故:姜太公吕尚曾在渭水的磻溪上钓鱼,得遇周文王,助周灭商;伊尹曾梦见自己乘船从日月旁边经过,后被商汤聘请,助商灭夏。吕尚和伊尹都曾辅佐帝王建立不朽功业
长风破浪:比喻施展政治抱负。据《宋书·宗悫传》载:宗悫少年时,叔父宗炳问他的志向,他说:“愿乘长风破万里浪。
弹剑:战国时齐公子孟尝君门下食客冯谖曾屡次弹剑作歌怨己不如意
贾生:洛阳贾谊,曾上书汉文帝,劝其改制兴礼,受时大臣反对。
拥篲:燕昭王亲自扫路,恐灰尘飞扬,用衣袖挡帚以礼迎贤士。折节:一作“折腰”。
首阳蕨:《史记·伯夷列传》:“武王已平殷乱,天下宗周,而伯夷、叔齐耻之,义不食周粟,隐于首阳山,采薇而食之……遂饿死于首阳山。
含光混世贵无名:此句言不露锋芒,随世俯仰之意。《高士传》:巢父谓许由曰:“何不隐汝形,藏汝光?”
自古贤达人:鲍照《拟行路难》:“自古圣贤尽贫贱”。功成不退皆殒身:《史记·蔡泽列传》:“四时之序,成功者去。商君为秦孝公明法令,功已成矣,而遂以车裂。白起功已成矣,而遂赐剑死于杜邮。吴起功已成矣,而卒枝解。大夫种为越王深谋远计令越成霸,功已彰而信矣,勾践终负而杀之。此四子者,功成不去,祸至于身?”
子胥:伍子胥,春秋末期吴国大夫。《吴越春秋》卷五《夫差内传》:“吴王闻子胥之怨恨也,乃使人赐属镂之剑,子胥遂伏剑而死。吴王乃取子胥尸,盛以鸱夷之器,投之于江中。”又见《国语·吴语》。
陆机雄才岂自保:《晋书·陆机传》载:陆机因宦人诬陷而被杀害于军中,临终叹曰:“华亭鹤唳,岂可复闻乎?”李斯税驾苦不早:李斯,秦国统一六国的大功臣,任秦朝丞相,后被杀。《史记·李斯列传》载:李斯喟然叹曰:“斯乃上蔡布衣今人臣之位,无居臣上者,可谓富贵极矣。物极则衰,吾未知所税驾?”《索引》:“税驾,犹解驾,言休息也。”
华亭鹤唳讵可闻?上蔡苍鹰何足道:这两句还是写陆机和李斯。《史记·李斯列传》:“二世二年七月,具斯五刑,论腰斩咸阳市。斯出狱,与其中子俱执,顾谓其中子曰:‘吾欲与若复牵黄犬俱出上蔡东门逐狡兔,岂可得乎!’”《太平御览》卷九二六:《史记》曰:“李斯临刑,思牵黄犬、臂苍鹰,出上蔡门,不可得矣。”
秋风忽忆江东行:这句写张翰。《晋书·张翰传》:“张翰,字季鹰,吴郡吴人也。为大司马东曹掾。因见秋风起,乃思吴中菰菜、莼羹、鲈鱼脍,曰:‘人生贵得适志,何能羁官数千里,以要名爵乎?’遂命驾而归。或谓之曰:‘卿乃纵适一时,独不为身后名邪?’答曰:‘使我有身后名,不如即时一杯酒。’时人贵其旷达。”[4]
李白代表作有《望庐山瀑布》《行路难》《蜀道难》《将进酒》《早发白帝城》等多首。
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