推荐回答(1个)
杨澄甫《太极拳术十要》就是练太极拳的要领。
一、虚灵顶劲 顶劲者,头容正直,神贯于顶也。不可用力,用力则项强,气血不能通流,须有虚灵自然之意。非有虚灵顶劲,则精神不能提起也。
二、含胸拔背 含胸者,胸略内涵,使气沈于丹田也。胸忌挺出,挺出则气拥胸际,上重下轻,脚跟易于浮起。拔背者,气贴于背也,能含胸则自能拔背,能拔背则能力由脊发,所向无敌也。
三、松腰 腰为一身之主宰,能松腰然后两足有力,下盘稳固。虚实变化皆由腰转动,故曰:“命意源头在腰际”,有不得力,必于腰腿求之也。
四、分虚实 太极拳术以分虚实为第一义,如全身皆坐在右腿,则右腿为实,左腿为虚,全身皆坐在左腿,则左腿为实,右腿为虚。虚实能分,而后转动轻灵,毫不费力,如不能分,则迈步重滞,自立不稳,而易为人所牵动。
五、沈肩坠肘 沈肩者,肩松开下垂也,若不能松垂,两肩端起,则气亦随之而上,全身皆不得力矣。坠肘者,肘往下松坠之意,肘若悬起,则肩不能沈,放人不远,近于外家之断劲矣。
六、用意不用力 太极论云:“此全是用意不用力”,练太极拳全身松开,不使有分毫之拙劲,以留滞于筋骨血脉之间,以自缚束,然后能轻灵变化,圆转自如。或疑不用力,何以能长力,盖人身之有经络,如地之有沟洫,沟洫不塞而水行,经络不闭而气通。如浑身僵劲,充满经络,气血停滞,转动不灵,牵一发而全身动矣。若不用力而用意,意之所至,气即至焉,如是气血流注,日日贯输,周流全身,无时停滞,久久练习,则得真正内劲,即太极论中所云:“极柔软,然后能极坚刚”也。太极功夫纯熟之人,臂膊如绵裹铁,分量极沈,练外家拳者,用力则显有力,不用力时,则甚轻浮,可见其力乃外劲浮面之劲也,外家之力,最易引动,不足尚也。
七、上下相随 上下相随者,即太极论中所云:“其根在脚,发于腿,主宰于腰,形于手指,由脚而腿而腰,总须完整一气也”。手动腰动足动,眼神亦随之动,如是方可谓之上下相随,有一不动,即散乱也。
八、内外相合 太极拳所练在神,故云:“神为主帅,身为驱使”,精神能提得起,自然举动轻灵。架子不外虚实开合,所谓开者,不但手足开,心意亦与之俱开,所谓合者,不但手足合,心意亦与之俱合,能内外合为一气,则浑然无间矣。
九、相连不断 外家拳术,其劲乃后天之拙劲,故有起有止,有续有断,旧力巳尽,新力未生,此时最易为人所乘。太极用意不用力,自始至终,绵绵不断,周而复始,循环无穷,原论所谓:“如长江大河,滔滔不绝”,又曰:“运劲如抽丝”,皆言其贯串一气也。
十、动中求静 外家拳术,以跳踯为能,用尽气力,故练习之后,无不喘气者。太极以静御动,虽动犹静,故练架子愈慢愈好,慢则呼吸深长,气沈丹田,自无血脉偾张之弊。学者细心体会,庶可得其意焉。
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