普通汽车的驱动轮是前轮还是后轮?

2025-02-25 02:08:51
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

普通汽车一般只有两个后轮为驱动轮,两个前轮为从动轮,或者两个前轮为驱动轮,两个后轮为从动轮,而越野车和全时四驱动车的全部车轮都是驱动轮。为区别普通汽车与越野车,常以车轮总数乘以驱动轮数来表示,例如:4x2(两轮驱动)、4x4(四轮驱动)、6x6(六轮驱动)等几种形式。

汽车驱动方式是指发动机的布置方式以及驱动轮的数量、位置的形式。最基本的分类标准是按照驱动轮的数量,可分为两轮驱动和四轮驱动两大类。一般的车辆都有前、后两排轮子,其中直接由发动机驱动转动,从而推动(或拉动)汽车前进的轮子就是驱动轮。

汽车驱动方式对整车的性能、外形及内部尺寸、重量、轴荷分配、制造成本及维修保养等方面均产生重要影响。科学合理地选择驱动型式是汽车总体设计的首要工作之一。



汽车前轮驱动与后轮驱动比较

现在,汽车的驱动方式一般有三种——前驱、后驱和四驱。不用说四轮驱动能够比两轮驱动更加充分地利用路面附着力,动力更大。在汽车刚刚兴起的年代,在路上行驶的汽车都是后轮驱动(RWD)占据主导地位。七十年代后期,前轮驱动(FWD)的汽车就逐渐占据了主导的地位。

但是前驱和后驱,究竟哪个更好?其实,严格来讲,这两种驱动方式没有绝对的好坏之分。前驱和后驱各适用于不同类型的车型。

比如,家用车讲求人货空间最大化,机械空间最小化,那么前置前驱最能满足要求,省去了驱动轴,留出大量的后部空间载人载物(前部不会留太多空间给人员货物,大量载货影响视野和转向,乘员又不安全)。

而运动车讲求操控舒适性与动力性并重,所以前置后驱既能利用因加速时重心瞬间后移,同步增加了后轮静摩擦力提高加速性能,又能利用驱动轴来均衡前后轮配重,达到操控的顺畅性。

还有,超级跑车纯粹为速度而生,所以中后置后驱是最充分利用后轮静摩擦力的前提下又最大限度的减轻自重和减少动力传输损耗的方案。

但是,在弯道上,前驱车转向不足(滞后),后驱车转向过度(提前),所以就出现了四驱车(为与SUV越野车区分,轿跑车称为全驱),弯道时来实时调节均衡前后甚至左右轮的扭矩,达到相对的稳定(当然在湿滑路面的效果也同样出色)。但事物总有两面性,结构复杂了故障率就高了,维护费用和油耗也会相应增加。

总的来说,前驱性价比高,满足日常使用;后驱给你的操控乐趣在同等条件下肯定比前驱多;四驱则是一种战略储备,给人一种多总比少好的安全感。

回答2:

前轮驱动。前轮驱动指汽车设计中,发动机只驱动一对前轮的动力分配方式。现在,大部分轿车都采用前轮驱动的配置。而在汽车发展的早期,后轮驱动的设计则更为普遍。 前轮驱动的汽车上,发动机一般是横向安装的,即气缸的排列方向与车的行走方向垂直,但是也有少数车型的发动机采用纵向安装。前轮驱动的车辆通常发动机和变速箱也都在汽车前部。

回答3:

载重卡车及中型以上客车都是后轮驱动,小型轿车有后轮驱动,也有前轮驱动,以前轮驱动多,还有4轮驱动。

回答4:

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