水土流失可能会对地理环境造成哪些危害

2025-03-06 17:38:07
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

1.冲毁土地,破坏耕田
2.土壤剥蚀,肥力减退
3.生态失调,旱涝灾害频繁
4.淤积水库,堵塞河道
5.破坏土地资源,蚕食农田,威胁人类生存
6.削减地力,加剧干旱发展
7.泥沙淤积河床,加剧洪涝灾害
8.泥沙淤积水库、湖泊,降低其综合利用功能
9.影响航运,破坏交通安全
10.水土流失与贫困恶性循环,同步发展

回答2:

水土流失的危害性很大,主要有以下几个方面:
1、使土地生产力下降甚至丧失:中国水土流失面积已扩大到150万平方公里,约占中国的1/6,每年流失土壤50亿吨。土壤中流失的氮、磷、钾肥估计达4000万吨,与中国当前一年的化肥施用量相当,折合经济损失达24亿元。长江、黄河两大水系每年流失的泥沙量达26亿吨。其中含有的肥料,约为年产量50万吨的化肥厂的总量(此句不通,请查原文)。难怪有人说黄河流走的不是泥沙,而是中华民族的“血液”,如此大片肥沃的土壤和氮、磷、钾肥料被冲走了,必然造成土地生产力的下降甚至完全丧失。
2、淤积河道、湖泊、水库:浙江省虽然水土流失较轻,可是省内有8条水系的河床普遍增高了0.2—0.1米,内河航行里程当前比60年代减少了1000公里。比如1958年以前,从嵊县城到曹娥江可通行10吨载重量的木船。由于河床淤沙太多,如今已被迫停航,原来的水资源变成沙资源,航建公司变成“黄沙”公司。
湖南省洞庭湖由于风沙太多,每年有1400多公顷沙洲露出水面。湖水面积由1954年的3915平方公里到1978年已缩减到2740平方公里。更为严重的是洞庭湖水面已高出湖周陆地3米,这就丧失了它应承担的长江的分洪作用。这是一个十分严重的问题。
四川省的嘉陵江、涪江、沱江等几条流域水土流失也十分严重,约20%以上的泥沙淤积于水库。据有关专家预测,照此下去,再过50年,长江流域的一些水库都要淤平或者成为泥沙库。
3、污染水质影响生态平衡:当前,中国一个突出的问题是江、河湖(水库)水质的严重污染。水土流失则是水质污染的一个重要原因。长江水质正在遭受污染就是典型例子。
由此可见,水土流失的危害性不仅很大,而且还具有长期效应。问题的严重性必须充分估计到。

回答3:

水土流失及其危害

回答4:

泥石流

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