戒烟后口腔溃疡反反复复发作是怎么回事

2025-02-28 21:02:56
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

口腔溃疡的发生是多种因素综合作用的结果,其包括局部创伤、精神紧张、食物、药物、营养不良、激素水平改变及维生素或微量元素缺乏。系统性疾病、遗传、免疫及微生物在口腔溃疡的发生、发展中可能起重要作用。如缺乏微量元素锌、铁,缺乏叶酸、维生素B12以及营养不良等,可降低免疫功能,增加口腔溃疡发病的可能性;血链球菌及幽门螺杆菌等细菌也与口腔溃疡关系密切。口腔溃疡通常预示着机体可能有潜在系统性疾病,口腔溃疡与胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、溃疡性结肠炎、局限性肠炎、肝炎、女性经期、维生素B族吸收障碍症、植物神经功能紊乱症等均有关。

临床表现
表现为口腔黏膜溃疡类损伤的疾病有多种,例如:
1.复发性阿弗他性口炎
又称复发性口腔溃疡(recurrentoralulcer,ROU)、复发性口疮(recurrentaphthae)或(cankersores),灼痛是其突出特征,顾冠以“阿弗他”名(希腊文aphthous为“灼痛”之意),外观为单个或者多个大小不一的圆形或椭圆形溃疡,表面覆盖灰白或黄色假膜,中央凹陷,边界清楚,周围黏膜红而微肿。具有周期性、复发性、自限性的特征,年龄不拘,发病年龄估计在10~20岁之间,女性较多。一年四季均能发生,能在10天左右自愈。
2.贝赫切特综合征
其口腔黏膜损害症状和发生规律与复发性阿弗他溃疡类似,除此之外,本病累及多系统多脏器,且有先后出现的口腔外病损症状。眼、生殖器、皮肤病损也是其主要临床特征,表现为反复性生殖部位溃疡、皮肤结节性红斑、毛囊炎、葡萄膜炎。严重者可发生关节、小血管、神经、消化、呼吸、泌尿等多系统损害。
3.创伤性溃疡
与机械性刺激、化学性灼伤或者热冷刺激有密切关系,其发病部位和形态与机械刺激因子相符合。无复发史,去除刺激后溃疡很快愈合;但如果任其发展,则有癌变可能。
4.癌性溃疡
老年人多见,形态多不规则,其边缘隆起呈凹凸不平状,与周围组织分界不清,溃疡面的基底部不平整,呈颗粒状,触之硬韧,和正常黏膜有明显的区别,疼痛不明显。恶性溃疡病程长,数月甚至一年多都不愈合或逐渐扩大,常规消炎防腐类药物治疗效果不明显。良性口腔溃疡患者较少出现全身症状;恶性口腔溃疡患者则相反,可出现发热、颈部淋巴结肿大、食欲不振、消瘦、贫血、乏力等表现。
5.单纯疱疹
好发于婴幼儿,早期以成簇的小水疱为主要表现,疱破后会融合成较大的糜烂面或不规则的溃疡。复发与诱因有明确关系,复发前常伴有咽喉痛、乏力等前驱症状,发病期间多伴有明显全身不适。
6.放射性口炎
有放射线暴露史,出现上述急、慢性口腔损害是其特征。放射性口炎黏膜损害程度较轻时出现口腔黏膜发红、水肿;糜烂、溃疡,覆盖白色假膜,易出血,触痛明显,口干,口臭等,可以合并进食困难等功能障碍和头昏、失眠、厌食、脱发等全身症状,较重时可以伴发出血、继发感染等全身损害。
7.结核性溃疡
深在,形态不规则,呈鼠噬状,基底暗红色桑套样肉芽组织增生,溃疡经久不愈,多伴有肺结核的体征和症状。
8.坏死性涎腺化生
男性多见,好发于软腭、硬腭交界处,溃疡深及骨面,周围充血明显,边缘可隆起,底部有肉芽组织,病理表现为小涎腺坏死,患者全身情况较好。

治疗原则
对于口腔溃疡的治疗,以消除病因、增强体质、对症治疗为主,治疗方法应坚持全身治疗和局部治疗相结合,中西医治疗相结合,生理和心理治疗相结合。需要引起注意的是,经久不愈,大而深的舌头溃疡,有可能是一种癌前病损,极易癌变,必要时做活检已明确诊断。

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