推荐回答(2个)
从秦始皇派遣徐福前往瀛洲求取长生不老的仙药,到当代的仙侠古装剧层出不穷。古往今来,"成仙"都是凡人们一个重要的追求。
而诸如老子这种留下无数传说的"大佬",人们自然也会忍不住畅享他位列仙班的模样。不过也有人会好奇,一个凡人真的可以成为仙人吗?其实这种成仙还是做人的冲突并不是无法调和的矛盾,以老子为例,他其实既能位列仙班,也能隐居成为圣人。

首先,从凡人的一面认识老子。不同于一些无从考证的神话,老子确有其人,《史记》载他是"楚苦县厉乡曲仁里人"。他其实姓李,名耳,字聃,"老子"是人们对他的尊称。而他为官时的职务是"周守藏室之史",也就类似今天国家图书馆的管理员。
虽然我们无从考证老子的出身,但从他得以学习,并成为藏室之史一事上还是可以推断他的家境至少在早期是不算差的。而藏室之史的工作,让他能够接触到大量一般人无法接触的书籍。这对老子积累起丰富的学识,成为一派学问的创始人打下了基础。

不过也许是专于学识的人多少都有些不在意经营人际关系,老子在做藏室之史时与朝中权贵的关系并不算好,为官的几十年间他因为被排挤而起起伏伏。周敬王四年(前516),老子终于受够了纷扰的朝廷,回到自己的家乡。

然而老子虽然有心归故里,但并未将自己从此就圈在那一方小小的天地。他开始云游,并在周敬王三十五年(前485)前后达到函谷关一带。老子的到来让驻守函谷关的官员喜出望外,遂希望老子就此驻留在关内。可"世界那么大",老子觉得还没看够,所以还是在不久后就提出辞别。
官员对老子的辞别心有不甘,但又没办法真把人家扣押在这,便提出老子要走可以,但得留下一部著作。而这部著作,据说便是老子的代表作《道德经》。不过在函谷关一别之后,人们对于老子的行踪更加难以知晓。他成为了一位活在人们视线之外的隐者,至辞世都再未给人们什么窥视他生活的机会。就连司马迁在《史记》之中也只能推测老子死时已有一百六十多岁或两百多岁。

而老子留下的《道德经》,虽全文不长,但其在中国历史上的地位人尽皆知。而正是因为老子留下了体现自己思想的作品和故事,他后来才有了"成仙"的机会。
老子在《道德经》中留下的"道可道也,非恒道也。名可名也,非恒名也。无名,万物之始也;有名,万物之母也。故恒无欲也,以观其眇;恒有欲也,以观其所徼。两者同出,异名同谓。玄之又玄,众眇之门。"的观点,是迄今可考的最早的道教学说的基础。

而内容神秘的《道德经》的作者老子,在之后的《庄子》、《史记》、《抱朴子》等著作之中也被描述为一位样貌奇特、年纪甚大的圣人。再加上老子与众人不同的避世观念,使他身上的神秘色彩更加浓厚。
除了老子自己的特点,当时社会的氛围也对老子形象的转变起到了作用。春秋时代起方士、术士增多,老子和他的著作越来越多地受到这些炼药求长生的人的追捧和崇拜。于是随着这种对老子的追捧的蔓延,战国时期在方士群体之中以老子及其思想为尊的观念就基本成为定式,老子由人向神的转变就此萌芽。

待到两汉时期,由于统治的需要,对于政治宗教化的倾向成为了老子变成神仙的政治推手。而东汉时术士也从"术士"向"道士"转变,给了诸如"老子化胡"等说法存在的土壤。因而在多方作用下,老子在汉代人心中就已经不是一个单纯的"人",而是"完美"的理想象征。
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