司马迁为何痛骂赵胜“利令智昏”?

2025-02-27 16:54:51
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

老成精明名扬诸侯的平原君赵胜,其智商、见识,难道连靠裙带爵至平阳侯的赵豹也不如吗?笑话。说赵胜老成精明是有根据的,看看他如何杀妾以收买人心,如何叫毛遂脱颖而出,如何大义凛然既挫败秦昭王的索求,又把握分寸不伤和气安然返赵,如何对付上党郡守冯亭,以及如何使出非常手段将赵孝成王的舅爷,秦昭王的亲家公赵豹一族灭门,真可谓不动声色,老奸巨猾。那么明知冯亭借刀杀人,“欲嫁祸于赵”,赵胜又为什么赞成赵王接受上党呢?真的是因为贪财而利令智昏吗?当然不是。只要摊开地图,看一眼上党之于秦、赵的战略位置,一切便一目了然。秦赵本不接壤,隔着黄河,还有吕梁山、太行山。秦国都城咸阳距赵国都城邯郸有1800里。秦国自商鞅变法以来,发展壮大,向东挺进,但是小一百年大多与韩魏楚作战。

回答2:

俗话说“听其言,还要观其行”,不能人说什么你就信什么,读史书更是这样。赵胜跟赵孝成王说一样的话,并不代表他就真跟赵王想得一样。长平之战时赵孝成王刚二十出头,看不清厉害,想要贪财开疆扩土是有可能的。赵胜不过是顺水推舟,山呼万岁,吾王圣明。先把上党的人民钱粮拿过来,用作战争资源。如果这时候赵胜说出实情,没准就把赵孝成王吓住了。反倒可能是犹豫不决,坐失良机。接下来的局势发展,赵国占据主动,以逸待劳。赵胜亲赴上党,犒赏冯亭等,接受上党钱粮、土地、人民。“乃令赵胜受地”。赵军兵不血刃占领上党。“赵遂发兵取上党。廉颇将军军长平。”既然战火燃起不可避免,要烧也别烧在赵国的土地上。赵国这时其实也是以邻为壑。

回答3:

司马迁对平原君赵胜是倍加赞赏的,捧他为战国四君子。《平原君虞卿列传》一开篇,司马迁就定下了基调,说赵胜是赵国最贤明的公子。“平原君赵胜者,赵之诸公子也。诸子中胜最贤。”接着中司马迁又讲了几个故事,分别赞扬赵胜礼贤下士(砍下爱妾的脑袋以奉贤士),简拔人才(毛遂自荐),重情义不肯出卖朋友(秦昭王质押赵胜以索魏齐)等。可是到了《列传》的结尾,司马迁却突然失态,痛骂赵胜“利令智昏”。用这等厉害的词骂人,这在《史记》中绝无仅有。即使是司马迁痛恨厌恶的商鞅,他也只用了“天资刻薄”,“少恩”等贬义但却冷静的词语。一个“利令智昏”,司马迁痛心、惋惜、击节拍大腿,栩栩如生。

野王一失,韩国上党与都城的联络就被切断了。韩王自知上党不保,干脆做个人情把上党送给了秦国。可是当时的上党郡守靳蝩仇秦,还报韩王要与秦国拼死一战。“臣请悉发守以应秦,若不能卒,则死之。”韩王已经与秦国言定,不愿失信怕招致更大的祸患,便派冯亭接替上党郡守,遵旨降秦。冯亭走马上任来到上党,表面遵旨,暗地下却使了个借刀杀人计,派人与赵国密议,要把上党送与赵国。“冯亭守三十日,阴使人请赵王曰:韩不能守上党,且以与秦,其民皆不欲为秦,而愿为赵。”

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