推荐回答(5个)
感应电流集肤效应。
将工件放在用空心铜管绕成的感应器内,通入中频或高频交流电后,在工件表面形成同频率的的感应电流,将零件表面或局部迅速加热(几秒钟内即可升温800~1000℃,心部仍接近室温)若干秒钟后迅速立即喷(浸)水冷却(或喷浸油冷却)完成浸火工作,使工件表面或局部达到相应的硬度要求。

主要方法
感应加热表面淬火(高频、中频、工频),火焰加热表面淬火,电接触加热表面淬火,电解液加热表面淬火,激光加热表面淬火,电子束加热表面淬火。
快速加热与立即淬火冷却相结合。
通过快速加热使待加工钢件表面达到淬火温度,不等热量传到中心即迅速冷却,仅使表层淬硬为马氏体,中心仍为未淬火的原来塑性、韧性较好的退火(或正火及调质)组织。
频率选用
室温时感应电流流入工件表层的深度δ(mm)与电流频率f(HZ)的关系为频率升高,电流透入深度降低,淬透层降低。
常用的电流频率有:
1,高频加热:100~500KHZ,常用200~300KHZ,为电子管式高频加热,淬硬层深为0.5~2.5mm,适于中小型零件。
2,中频加热:电流频率为500~10000HZ,常用2500~8000HZ,电源设备为机械式中频加热装置或可控硅中频发生器。淬硬层深度2~10 mm。适于较大直径的轴类、中大齿轮等。
3,工频加热:电流频率为50HZ。采用机械式工频加热电源设备,淬硬层深可达10~20mm,适于大直径工件的表面淬火。
感应加热高频淬火原理:
线圈通以高频电流,产生高频磁场,在铁磁性材料中产生感生电流,由于趋肤效应,感生电流聚积于材料的表面产生热,达到相变温度。激冷达到淬火目的。
线圈通以高频电流,产生高频磁场,在铁磁性材料中产生感生电流,由于趋肤效应,感生电流聚积于材料的表面产生热,达到相变温度。激冷达到淬火目的。
感应加热与其它加热炉通过热传导、对流或辐射使工件到达加热温度相比,它具有完全不同的加热原理。其基本原理是:把加热材料(即工件)置于通有交流电流的线圈内,由于交变磁场的作用工件内部会产生感应电势,在感生电势的作用下工件内会产生涡流,依靠这些涡流的能量达到加热目的。
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