电流的肤集效应指什么?

2025-03-12 03:10:44
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

集肤效应又叫趋肤效应,当交变电流通过导体时,电流将集中在导体表面流过,这种现象叫集肤效应。是电流或电压以频率较高的电子在导体中传导时,会聚集于总导体表层,而非平均分布于整个导体的截面积中。频率越高,趋肤效用越显著。 因为当导线流过交变电流时,在导线内部将产生与电流方向相反的电动势。由于导线中心较导线表 面的磁链大,在导线中心处产生的电动势就比在导线表面附近处产生的电动势大。这样作用的结果,电 流在表面流动,中心则无电流,这种由导线本身电流产生之磁场使导线电流在表面流动。 集肤效应是电磁学 涡流学(涡旋电流)的术语 这种现象是由通电铁磁性材料 靠近未通电的铁磁性材料 在未通电的铁磁性材料表面产生方向相反的磁场 有了磁场就会产生切割磁力线的电流 这个电流就是所谓的涡旋电流 这个现象就是集肤效应 在高频电路中可以采用空心导线代替实心导线。此外,为了削弱趋肤效应,在高频电路中也往往使用多股相互绝缘细导线编织成束来代替同样截面积的粗导线,这种多股线束称为辫线。在工业应用方面,利用趋肤效应可以对金属进行表面淬火。 考虑到交流电的集肤效应,为了有效地利用导体材料和便于散热,发电厂的大电流母线常做成槽形或菱形母线;另外,在高压输配电线路中,利用钢芯铝绞线代替铝绞线,这样既节省了铝导线, 又增加了导线的机械强度,这些都是利用了集肤效应这个原理。 集肤效应是在讯号线里`最基本的失真作用过程之一,也有可能是最容意被忽略误解的。与一般讯号线的夸大宣传所言,集肤效应并不会改变所有的高濒讯号,并且不会造成任何相关动能的损失,正好相反。集肤效应确实会因传导体的不同成分,在传递高濒讯号时,会有不连贯的现象。同样地,在陈旧的线束传导体上,集肤效应助长讯号电流在多条线束上的交互跳动,而对于声音造成刺耳的记号。

回答2:

交流电集肤效应的发生原理 多芯交流连接线束设计避开集肤效应 电荷是物质的固有属性。通常,物体中的正、负电荷数量是相等的,一旦物体失去或得到一些电子时,就表现出负电或正电。电荷有规则的运动就产生电流。
直流电与交流电的区别

交流电是按正弦曲线变化的,有它的频率;直流电则不是按正弦曲线变化的,没有频率变化。交流电与直流电最直观的区别是方向变不变;直流电的电流方向是不随时问变化的,但大小可能变化;最特殊的直流电是大小方向都不变的稳恒电流。所谓交流,就是电流交替流动,其方向是交替变化的。

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