这个是什么昆虫?

这个是什么?昆虫叫什么名字呢?有没有认识的?
2025-02-27 21:01:04
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

这是锹甲(qiāo jiǎ),亦称锹形虫,属昆虫纲Insecta,鞘翅目Coleoptera,锹甲科Lucanidae,种内多样性突出,性二态现象典型,很多种类雄虫具多型性,因而是研究昆虫进化和系统发育的很好的类群。全球已经记载有近100 多属1000 余种( Fujita, 2010) ,我国已经记载有24 属200 余种( Hua, 2002) 。由于部分种类体型大、外形奇特而为大众喜爱和收藏,并作为宠物饲养、繁殖,已经成为重要的标本商品,具有较好的经济文化价值。 中文学名锹形虫拉丁学名 Lucanidae 别称锹甲界动物界门节肢动物门分类锹甲科昆虫,又名锹形虫,长椭圆形,多黑色或褐色大甲虫,有金属光泽,皮肤坚实,雄虫上颚大而突出如鹿角状,头大而强,触角膝状,11节,末端3节呈扇状,复眼大,上唇不显,下颚与唇舌隐于下唇下颚,前基窝闭口,中足基节幅广,中胸板短,后胸板较大,鞘翅覆盖全腹,跗节5节,第5节最长。幼虫肥大,乳白色,充分成长后呈黄色,与金龟子幼虫类似,但各节缺3个膨起状褶襞。一般生于朽木中,腐植土间,幼虫移动范围较小,故发育程度与其周围环境食物丰富度密切关系,多见于森林地带。生活习性完全变态,一生经历卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫等4个虫态,只能进行两性生殖。成虫食液、访花食蜜,部分具有肉食性,幼虫腐食,栖食于树桩及其根部等,能帮助分解朽木和腐植质,占具着独特的生态位,且具有开发生物防治的前景。成虫多夜出活动,大部分种类具有趋光性,也有白天活动的种类。雌雄二型锹甲头部常用分类特征实际就是成虫的口器、触角及复眼等器官在不同属、种间的形态区别,其在同种不同性别或同种雄性不同个体中也呈稳定的差异,从而呈现雌雄二型(sexual dimorphism)和雄性二型现象(male dimorphism)。上颚在这些特征中最直观,雄性上颚通常长而强壮,多占到体长的1/4~1/2,并附繁复的发达大齿和密集小齿,雌性上颚短小,不超过头长,仅具少数几个小齿。同种锹甲不同雄性的上颚及其它头部特征也呈一定变化,具发达上颚的雄性,其头顶的各种刺突、隆起或凹陷愈明显,并随上颚渐变至不发达而趋不明显,呈现出雄性二型现象。进化生物学中常提到“大型雄性(maior male)和小型雄性(minor male)”。前者体型较大,上颚发达,通过与其它雄性厮杀以保护领地及获得雌性的交配权;后者体型较小,上颚不发达,它们常避开直接打斗,采取偷袭策略以接近雌性与之交配。发达的上颚具奇特的上颚是锹甲科的典型及重要特征之一。幼虫期的上颚用于啃咬各种朽木或腐殖质土壤;在成虫期, 雄性的上颚多异常发达, 被认为主要用于求偶争斗中的武器或在交配时帮助抓持雌性;雌性的上颚多短阔, 被认为用于刺破树皮以帮助吸食汁液或协助产卵。天敌锹形虫的天敌有:喜鹊、獾、狐、刺猬和啄木鸟等。

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