袁隆平通过杂交育种使水稻获得了哪些优良品质

2025-02-25 21:51:07
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

1、新育成的高产优质稻品种N优95-2
N优95-2系我所1998年用外引Nj7A作母本,自育95-2作父本杂交而成。经几年不同生态区试验示范:平均亩产629.8公斤,比对照汕优63增产12.7%比Ⅱ优7号和Ⅱ优838增产7.8-11.2%;生育期与汕优63相当,株型适中,株高113厘米,分蘖力强,生长整齐旺盛,茎杆粗壮,剑叶宽厚较直,穗平着粒198粒,结实率88.6%,千粒重30克,长粒形,抗性强,熟色好。米质明显优于冈优、汕优和Ⅱ优品种。栽培管理按通常杂交中稻进行,亩植1.2万窝,窝植两谷苗,适当少施氮肥,多施磷钾肥。

2、杂交水稻新组合 — K优95-2

K优95-2系外引“K18A”作母本,自育“95-2”作父本配组而成。经过不同生态区试验示范,表现出以下特点。

该组合株型紧凑,分蘖力强,成穗率高,剑叶挺直,叶色深绿。全生育期153天,比汕优63短3 – 4 天,主茎16叶,前期长势旺,后期转色好。抗病性强。株高110.0cm,穗长24.8cm,穗平着粒162粒,结实率87.8%,千粒重29.2g,谷粒长条形,脱粒性好,米质较优。产量平均亩产594.4kg,比汕优63增产7.5%,比K优926增产13.7%。适宜海拔800m以下的山区、丘陵和平坝种植。栽培技术同汕优63。

3、冈优渝九

冈优渝九系我所1991年育成。1997年通过重庆市农作物品种审定。1998年获九龙坡区政府科技进步特等奖,2001年获重庆市政府科技进步三等奖。

该品种株型紧凑,分蘖力强,上林率高。植株比汕优63高5厘米,主茎16.2叶,全生育期与汕优63相当,穗平着粒200粒左右,结实率85%,千粒重26.5克,后期转色和脱粒性好,谷粒椭圆无芒,米质与汕优63相当。抗倒抗病力强,适宜我市的平坝、山区、丘陵和再生稻区种植,大面积生产一般亩产620kg。

按当地中稻种植,适时播种。中等肥力田宜栽6×8寸,窝植二粒谷苗,抛秧亩用种1-1.2公斤,施肥管理同汕优63。

4、Ⅱ优7号

Ⅱ优7号系四川省农科院水稻所育成。1998年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定。1999年四川省评为稻香杯一级第三名,获“稻香杯”奖。

该品种属中籼迟熟类型,全生育期154天左右,比汕优63迟熟2-3天。株高120.7厘米,穗长24.8厘米,总粒数160.7粒,结实率87.6%,千粒重26.5克,中稻平均亩产550-600。两年连续参加全国区试重庆市白市驿试验点的试验,结果表明两年产量水平较高,稳定性好,生育期适中,米质较优,抗倒力强。

栽培要点:同一般杂交稻品种。

5、D优527

全生育期比汕优63长4-5天,株高100-110厘米。株型松散适中,分蘖力中上,生长势旺盛,亩有效穗15-16万,千粒重29克。抗病性强,米质优,产量高,比汕优63增7.9%。

1、播种时间:我市浅丘坝区3月上旬。2、种植密度:亩植12万窝为宜。3、合理施肥:亩用氮8-10公斤,增施磷、钾肥,加强田间管理。

6、K优926

K优926系四川省水稻所育成。属中籼迟熟种。

该品种株型紧凑,分蘖力强,植株比汕优63矮5厘米,全生育期与汕优63短7天。穗平着粒105粒,结实率88%,千粒重29.0克,后期转色和脱粒性均好,谷粒长条型,米质和口,感性较好。抗倒抗病力强,适宜我地的平坝、山区和丘陵种植,大面积示范一般亩产500公斤。再生稻180公斤左右。

按当地中稻种植,适时播种。中等肥力田宜栽5×7寸,窝植2-3粒谷苗,抛秧亩用种1.3-1.5公斤。注意蓄留好再生稻,施肥管理同汕优63。

回答2:

就是产量增加了,但食用品质有所降低。

回答3:

杂交稻的优良性状主要表现在丰产性、米质及抗性三个方面。
我国目前杂交稻育种处于世界先进水平,和传统的水稻相比,产量有了大幅度提高,抗性也有了较大的提高,特别是抗倒性和抗病性方面,是传统水稻不能相比的,但米质和传统水稻相比,进展不大,大多数杂交稻米质比不上传统的优质常规稻。不过,育种家们正致力于优质育种。

回答4:

杂交水稻杂交水稻(hybrid rice za jiao shui dao)指选用两个在遗传上有一定差异,同时它们的优良性状又能互补的水稻品种,进行杂交,生产具有杂种优势的第一代杂交种,用于生产,这就是杂交水稻。杂种优势是生物界普遍现象,利用杂种优势提高农作物产量和品质是现代农业科学的主要成就之一。

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