大隐于朝,大隐于市,小隐于野。这三个状态的古今中外人物的例子有谁?简述一下。谢谢。
推荐回答(4个)
小隐隐于野,中隐隐于市,大隐隐于朝是中国 道家哲学思想。闲逸 潇洒的生活不一定要到林泉野径去才能体会得到,更高层次 隐逸生活是在 都市繁华之中,在心灵净土 独善其身,找到一份宁静。
小隐一般都是比较偏激的有着某方面才华的人物,喜欢高山流水,隐居山野之间。大隐于市,是很有才华的人 有能力的人很多都如老百姓一样,过着柴米油盐酱醋茶的生活,但是内心却能有自己独立的人格、思想。
只是等待时机伺机而动,诸葛亮是不是躬耕于南阳,过着普通老百姓的日子,刘备卖凉席凉鞋出身的,张飞杀猪卖猪肉的,想想都是很普通的。这里的隐士是有经纬之才,改变历史格局的人才。
东晋王康琚《反招隐诗》的开头:“小隐隐陵薮,大隐隐朝市。伯夷窜首阳,老聃伏柱史。”李善注:“《史记》曰:《老子》,名耳,字聃。《列仙传》曰:李耳,字伯阳,生於殷时,为周柱下史。又曰:武王平殷,伯夷叔、齐耻之,义不食周粟,隐於首阳山。”
真正大彻大悟的隐士,不必像伯夷一样隐居山林,老子在朝廷中也可隐居。朝市,原指朝廷和市场,泛指人口稠密的热闹地方。东晋还有邓粲也说过:“夫隐之为道,朝亦可隐,市亦可隐。隐初在我,不在于物。”
这种思想的来源很早。老、庄哲学中已有混迹人间而心离世俗的思想,只是没有说得那么明白。如《庄子·则阳》:“孔子之楚,舍于蚁丘之浆。其邻有夫妻臣妾登极者,子路曰:‘是稯稯何为者邪?’仲尼曰:‘是圣人仆也。是自埋于民,自藏于畔。
其声销,其志无穷,其口虽言,其心未尝言,方且与世违而心不屑与之俱。是陆沈者也,是其市南宜僚邪?’”到了西汉,东方朔作歌云:“陆沈於俗,避世金马门。宫殿中可以避世全身,何必深山之中,蒿庐之下。”
意思就比较明白了。西汉末的扬雄在《法言·渊骞》也有“柳下惠非朝隐者与”之语。
大隐者:苏辙 人如其名,就像车轮过后留下的印记,他不像苏轼一样锋芒毕露,但一样很有才干,与苏轼一起同朝为官,去不像苏轼那样波折,很懂得韬光养晦。
先纠正一下,不是大隐于市,是中隐于市。中隐者:颜回 他是孔子最喜欢的弟子,孔子对其的评价是,颜回能在市井中过贫穷的生活而快乐满足,可见其修养。
小隐者,那就不计其数了,就说一个本人比较喜欢的吧,五柳先生陶渊明,他愿像荷花那样出淤泥而不染,像菊花那样高洁,激情与山水,自由自在。
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