推荐回答(1个)
饲养蜂群的过程中,蜂王会随着时间的流失而衰老,工蜂会培育蜂王台,逐渐的淘汰老蜂王。这时蜂群的结构会发生这2种变化,由于蜂王不会立即被蜂群淘汰,蜂群内工蜂会开始培育蜂王台,“分蜂王台”和“交替王台”,对于养蜂人来说,蜂群内出现蜂王台,安装防逃片预防自然分蜂,还要保留2个左右蜂王台,预防处女蜂王交尾失败,大大的增加了养蜂人的管理工作量。,所以,为了不让蜂群内出现蜂王台,养蜂人采用人工育王,借助这3个时机给蜂群更换蜂王。
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蜂王多久需要更换的问题,蜂王的工作量是这样增加的,蜂王就这样衰老速度加快
中蜂饲养蜂群的过程中,由于中蜂的分蜂性较强,新蜂王的控蜂能力较强,能够抑制中蜂的分蜂性,有利于蜂群群势发展,所以,一年一次更换新蜂王,更有利于蜂群发展,也能减少养蜂人处理分蜂热的工作量。但是,不是所有的蜂群都需要更换蜂王,“种群”的蜂王可以饲养长达3年~4年左右,种用蜂王产卵工作量少,在养蜂人专业化的饲养管理方法下,才能维持如此长的产卵周期。
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普通蜂群内的蜂王,蜂王的任务就是积极产卵繁殖,为了让蜂群在流蜜期能够提高采蜜能力,养蜂人采用活框饲养蜂群的方法,给蜂群进行“奖励饲喂”提高蜂王产卵积极性,同时,“抑强扶弱”的管理方法,强群内加入空巢脾给蜂王产卵繁殖,弱群内调入封盖子脾,提高弱群的繁殖能力,以及给蜂群饲喂花粉团,减少蜂群采集工作量,帮助工蜂集中哺育能力。总之,当蜂群群势不断壮大,蜂王的工作量越大,包括蜂王的产卵量,蜂王分泌蜂王物质量,蜂王在蜂巢脾之间的活动量,等等。
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蜂群更换蜂王的3个时间段
最常见的更换蜂王时间段,选择在流蜜期之后,蜂群内蜜粉满仓,在春季和秋季的时间段,蜂群处于采蜜状态,蜂群内工蜂数量充足,7日龄~15日龄的哺育蜂数量较多,这时新蜂的王浆腺的泌浆能力较强,蜂群内有充足的花粉和蜂蜜,同时,流蜜期之后的蜂群处于闲置状态,更有利于蜂群集中精力进行哺育蜂王台的工作,这时人工移虫育出的蜂王台,不易出现蜂王台内“缺浆”的情况。
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蜂群在“度夏”和“越冬期”之前更换新蜂王,当蜂群经过“度劣期”之后,为了提高蜂群在下一个流蜜期到来之前,助力蜂群初繁时间段,新蜂王有较强的产卵积极性,蜂群的采集积极性能够提高,同时,蜂群采集外界零星蜜源,能够减少养蜂人繁蜂饲喂蜂群的成本。
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流蜜期到来前更蜂王的需要注意的事项,工蜂在流蜜期的衰老速度较快,蜂群内新老蜂的交替时间缩短到20天~25天左右,所以,这时给蜂群更换蜂王,蜂群会处于断子状态,蜂群容易出现“青黄不接”的状态。所以,养蜂人为了避免蜂群出现这种情况,可以采用这种更换蜂王的管理方法。
流蜜期到来前更换蜂王,养蜂人组织育王群培育蜂王台,同时,养蜂人给蜂群进行“囚王换王”的操作,预防处女蜂王交尾失败,让蜂群处于“断子状态”的时间最短,只有处女蜂王交尾期的时间段长短。
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