东太后是怎么死的?

2025-02-25 09:43:43
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

在清朝的历史上,作为两宫皇太后之一的东太后慈安是与西太后慈禧一样举足轻重的人物,然而光绪七年三月初十日(公元1881年4月8日),一向健康无病的东太后慈安在12小时内竟突然发病及暴卒,实在出人意料。从此,慈安之死成为清宫的一件疑案。 东太后慈安,姓钮祜禄,谥孝贞显皇后,为满洲镶黄旗人,于道光十七年七月十二日(公元1837年8月12日)出生,其父穆扬阿,曾任广西右江道。咸丰为皇子时,钮祜禄氏就已经是他的侧福晋。由于他的嫡福晋(萨克达氏,后上尊号孝德显皇后)于咸丰即位前已经去世,钮祜禄氏遂于咸丰二年二月(公元1852年3月)被封为贞嫔,五月晋贞贵妃,十月又册立为皇后。1861年11月咸丰帝死后,她被尊为母后皇太后,上尊号慈安,与慈禧太后共同“垂帘听政”,众人称她为“东太后”或“老佛爷”,与西太后慈禧相对应。 慈安与慈禧形成鲜明的对比,她是位德高望重的好皇后,因此众人痛惜其暴崩,并对其死产生了怀疑。东太后当时45岁,小西太后慈禧两岁,“体气素称强健”(孔孝恩、丁琪著《光绪传》),而当时西太后慈禧正病卧在床。所以听到噩耗,很多朝臣都以为是“西边出事”了,等得知结果后惊诧不已。许多官员提出怀疑,尤其是左宗棠,立即大喊有鬼。翁同的《翁文恭公日记》中记载说:“则昨日(初十日)五方皆在,晨方天麻、胆星,按云类风痫甚重。午刻一按无药,云兴脑混乱,牙紧。未刻两方虽可灌,究不妥云云;则已有遗尿情形,痰壅气闭如旧。酉刻一方天脉将脱,药不能下,戌刻仙逝云云……呜呼奇哉!”仅12小时便由发病至死,岂不“奇哉”? 据说,慈安太后在暴卒的当天还曾经视朝。 而当时枢府王大臣奕、大学士左宗棠、尚书王文韶、协办大学士李鸿藻等觐见慈安,都见慈安面无病状,仅是两颊微红,犹如醉色,没有什么特别之处。午后,军机诸臣退,内廷忽传孝贞太后驾崩,命枢府诸人速进议,诸大臣惊诧不已。因为以往帝后生病,总是在军机检视之下传御医用药。而此次忽然传太后驾崩之消息,确实非常奇怪。诸臣入至慈安宫,见慈禧坐矮椅,目视慈安小殓,十分镇静地说:“东太后素来健康,怎会突然死去?”语时微泣,诸臣皆顿首慰藉,均不敢问其症状。最后草草办完了丧事。 根据慈禧以上的表现,人们便认为是慈禧毒死了慈安,而且,传说咸丰帝留给慈安一封密诏,要她必要时处死慈禧,慈安在慈禧的哄骗下焚毁了密诏,把自己对抗慈禧的一件最大的武器也毁了,慈禧便毒死了她。 对慈安太后暴卒的具体原因至今还存在着争议,除中毒之说外,还有自杀、自然死亡等说。“自杀”说来自《清稗类钞》,书中说:“或曰:孝钦实证以贿卖嘱托,干预朝政,语颇激。孝贞不能容,又以木讷不能与之辩。大恚,吞鼻烟壶自尽。”《清朝野史大观》里又用“或曰慈禧命太医以不对症之药致死亡”来说明慈安为用“错药致死”。 不管是“毒死一说”还是“自杀”或“错药致死”说,都有一个共同点,即慈禧害死了慈安。不过也有学者认为慈安为“自然死亡”,徐彻的《慈禧大传》则倾向于“病死”说。首先,作者认为慈安不善理政,例如召见臣子时说的话分量不足,只会询问其身体状况、行程远近等等,所以她根本不会妨碍慈禧在政治上的权力,慈禧也没必要害死她。 徐彻提出了《翁同日记》中的关于慈安发病的两则记载作为证据。一则是慈安太后26岁时曾经患了“有类肝厥”疾病长达24天,甚至达到“不能言语”之程度。另一则是同治八年(公元1869年)十二月初四日,慈安太后“旧疾发作,厥逆半时许”。“厥症”主要表现为突然昏迷、不省人事、四肢厥冷,轻者昏厥时间较短,重者则会一厥不醒甚至死亡。 但这也只是徐彻的一家之言,至于慈安太后暴卒的真正原因,只能是作为清宫的疑案成为了人们茶余饭后的话题。

回答2:

可能是被慈禧毒死的

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