一、现在分词短语作时间状语有以下三种情况:
1.分词动作一发生,谓语动作紧跟着发生,这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语,其逻辑主语为句中的主语。常用的动词,如:hear,
see,
arrive,
return,
get
to,
look,
open,
close,
leave,
turn
around,
walk等,表示一个极短暂动作。
此种情况可以换作on+动名词,表示相同的意思。译作"一(刚)……就……"。
此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句,该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。如:
hearing
their
teacher's
voice,
the
pupils
stopped
talking
at
once.(=
on
hearing
their
teacher's
voice…
=
when
they
heard
their
teacher's
voice,
the
pupils…)一听到教师的声音,学生们立即停止讲话。
2.谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中,则用when
/while+现在分词的一般式,分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。
也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句,该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。如:
don't
be
careless
when
/while
having
an
exam.
=
don't
be
careless
in
having
an
exam.
=
don't
be
careless
when
/
while
you
are
having
an
exam.
考试时不要粗心。
注:此结构中,不能用其他连接词替换when或while。
3.分词所表示的动作完成之后,谓语动作才发生,则要现在分词的完成式,即having胆订册寡夭干差吮倡经
done的形式。分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。
这种情况可以用after+动名词的一般式表示。
这种情况也可以用after
/when引导的时间状语从句来替换,该从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。如:
having
finished
his
homework
the
boy
was
allowed
to
watch
tv
play.
after
having
finished
his
homework,
the
boy…
after
/when
he
had
finished
his
homework,
the
boy…