推荐回答(5个)
据《流寇志》、《国榷》记载:崇祯十七年(1644)三月二十二日,太监在煤山发现了崇祯皇帝的遗体。太监们奉命用门板抬下尸体,与周后的尸体一起停放在东华门外茶巷的芦席棚内;之后不久,太监奉命买了两口柳木棺材,以土块当枕头,安放帝后尸体。旁边有两个和尚念经,四五个太监守卫。
文武大臣中前往哭临先帝的不过二三十人,不少昔日信誓旦旦效忠皇上的大臣,此时摇身一变,扬鞭策马而过,对帝后的灵柩根本不屑一顾。在这一点上他们反不如李自成。李自成虽然造反,却能冷静地遵循传统礼仪、人情世故,下令改殡大行帝后,为先帝的梓宫刷上红漆,为周后的梓宫刷上黑漆,并为思宗换上翼善冠、衮玉及渗金靴,为周后换袍带。一切殡殓事宜都按照帝后的规格进行。
安葬
顺天府府尹奉李自成集团之命赶赴昌平州,筹划安葬帝后梓宫事宜,拨夫造圹。帝后梓宫于四月初三日发引,初四草草掩埋于田贵妃坟内。据说发引那天,只有太子、二王前往东华门送行,百官无一执绋者。李自成集团让昌平州出钱安葬崇祯,但昌平州没有经费。
当时的顺天府昌平州署吏目事、省祭官赵一桂联络了10位当地士绅聚资将崇祯皇帝安葬。这10个人到底是谁,几百年来众说纷纭,莫衷一是。后来,在昌平小营村发现一块“明守备王政行墓碑”,记载了墓主人王政行为十人之一。其余9人为:刘汝朴、王汝朴、白绅、徐魁、李某某、邓科、赵永健、刘应元、杨道。刘汝朴、王政行二人在《光绪昌平州志》中有传,余者不详。
《肃松录》、《日下旧闻考》中提到了赵一桂写了一篇《为开圹捐葬崇祯先帝及周皇后共归田妃陵寝事》,为后世留下了关于崇祯帝安葬经过的宝贵记录。明史专家樊树志先生所著《崇祯传》中也引用了此文。特为读者朋友们转录如下:
……卑职于崇祯十七年正月署州捕,遭际都城陷没,故主缢崩。至三月二十五日,顺天府伪官李纸票:“为开圹事,仰昌平州官吏即动官银雇夫,速开田妃圹,安葬崇祯先帝及周皇后梓宫。四月初三日发引,初四日下葬,毋违时刻,未便。”
彼时州库如洗,监葬官礼部主事许作梅因葬主限迫,亦再三踌躇。卑职与好义之士孙繁祉、白绅、刘汝朴、王政行等十人,共捐钱三百四十千,雇夫启闭。其圹中隧道长十三丈五尺,阔一丈,深三丈五尺。督修四昼夜,至初四日寅时,始见圹宫石门。用拐钉钥匙推开头层石门入内,享殿三间,陈设祭器,中有石香案,两边列五色绸缎,侍从宫人生前所用器物衣服俱在大红箱内盛贮。中悬万年灯三盏。殿之东间石寝床一座,铺设栽绒毡,上迭被褥龙枕等物。又开二层石门入内,通长大殿九间,石床长如前式,高一尺五寸,阔一丈。田妃棺椁即居其上。
京城百姓请求农民军给崇祯帝料理后事。李自成将一副薄皮棺材,派挑夫把崇祯帝尸骨安葬,但只能挖开田贵妃的墓凑合。农民军居然连挖墓的工钱都不够。好在当地士绅们凑了点钱,否则这位亡国之君,很可能就被弃尸荒野。后来顺治皇帝为了收买人心,将崇祯帝按照皇帝的规格以礼改葬,命名为思陵。
崇祯帝死后被悬挂于城门示众,后被民众哭求,与田贵妃合葬一墓,也是因为这样的操作,原来的明十二陵变成了如今的明十三陵。
第一,凤阳的明朝祖陵,第二个位于南京紫金山的明太祖陵,第三个位于北京昌平的明十三陵。
他是被李自成下令葬进的明十三陵,他见崇祯帝宁死不降,被感动到了。
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