曹操败走华容道 请问华容道在哪

2025-02-27 13:00:52
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  赤壁大战,曹操败退,经华容道,遇埋伏在这里的关云长。曹操苦苦求饶,关云长为情所动,义释了曹操。从此,华容道成为了千百年来议论的话题。华容道究竟在哪里?众说纷纭,一说在湖北的鄂城,一说在湖北的潜江。我不以为然。深入探究曹操进攻与败退的行军路线,孙刘联军防守与追杀的军事部署和三国时期长江河道的流态、江汉平原的水系分布状况,我认为,曹操在赤壁打了败仗,怆惶逃命所走的华容道既不在鄂城,也不在潜江,而是在湖南省华容县东山镇的桃花山。

  到公元208年,曹操已占据了中国北部的半壁江山,企图称霸天下。当时,刘表占据西南,孙权占据江东,曹操挥军南下,刘表吓得吐血身亡。曹操轻而易举得到了襄阳,挥军东进。从江陵乘船起航,飞流直下,经过巴丘,也就是现在的岳阳市,很快就到达了赤壁。在赤壁遇到了周瑜水兵的阻止,只好将部队驻扎在赤壁北岸,也就是长江北岸的乌林一带,在这里休整部队,训练水兵,连锁战船,准备一举歼灭东吴。

  可惜事与愿违。曹操中了庞统的连环计和周瑜的苦肉计,相信了黄盖的诈降,被黄盖的大火烧得晕头转向。曹操不知所措,怆惶逃命。往哪里逃呢?曹操想往东或者往北,向许昌方向逃窜,根本过不去,因为孙刘联军主力大部分部署在这里。所以说,曹操败退经过鄂城的华容根本不存在。

  曹操直奔西北,经过沔阳和潜江,逃到汉水河边渡江往许昌去行吗?也是不可能的,因为曹操没有了战船,到那里去只是自投绝路。所以说,曹操败退时经过潜江华容一说也是不存在的。曹操只好决定往西,向江陵方向逃窜了。因为江陵有他留守的部队和一个筑有围城城墙可以防守的大城镇。溯江而上原路返回吧,没有了战船,而且江面上都是孙刘联军拦截的战船。往西最近的一条路是经过湖南华容的华容道,这条路到江陵至少要近50里,走这个华容道是曹操的最佳选择了。选择这条路,既可迅速逃脱孙刘联军的夹击,又能用最快的速度逃到江陵。

  《武昌志》将曹操进军和败退的路线说得比较清楚,志曰:“曹操自江陵追刘备至巴丘,遂至赤壁,遇周瑜兵,大败,取华容道归”,“赤壁在今嘉鱼县(赤壁原属嘉鱼县),对江北之乌林。巴丘,今巴陵(现名岳阳),华容,今石首也。”华容道实际上是在今日的桃花山。桃花山是华容县和石首市交界的一座山,山东属华容县,山西属石首市。因此,山东湖南华容县有一个桃花乡,山西湖北石首也有一个桃花乡。从山东湖南华容的桃花乡到山西湖北石首的桃花乡是同一条路。关云长的埋伏圈是设在山东面的桃花山。曹操是从山东进入关云长的埋伏圈,在倒马岩遇到关云长,被释放后下山经湖北石首桃花山的青竹沟,西行逃往江陵的。华容道就是华容桃花山上的一条路。

  三国时期云梦泽水系复杂,荆江河道的水流十分紊乱。曹操在赤壁吃了败仗,往哪里逃?只能从湖南华容县的华容道(桃花山)逃,这是他逃跑的唯一的一条路。

  曹操在赤壁的战船被烧毁,在乌林的营寨被捣毁了,东面受到周瑜的穷追猛打,无法进。南面受到了孙刘联军的拦击,退不了。北面呢?是云梦泽,当时潜江的华容还在云梦泽中,往潜江方向逃,尽是湖泊和河流的沼泽,怎么逃呢?剩下就只有往西华容方向的一条路了。往山里跑,万一遇险,有可能找到避难之所,还会有一线生存的希望。于是,曹操就毫不犹豫地选择了走华容县的桃花山。所谓华容道,是指华容县境内的路。曹操进攻和败退都经过了华容县境,进攻是走华容县南,经过了华容的注滋口,败退走的是华容县东北部道路,也就是华容县的桃花山。

  毫无疑问,《三国志》和《三国演义》里指的华容道就是在华容县的桃花山上。

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